Solitary Fibrous Tumor

A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare type of tumor that can occur in various parts of the body, including the pleura, which is the lining surrounding the lungs. It is also known as a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura or a benign fibrous tumor of the pleura.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of solitary fibrous tumors is not well understood. However, they are thought to arise from the mesenchymal cells, which are a type of cell that can develop into various types of connective tissue. SFTs can occur in people of any age, but they are most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and older adults.

Symptoms

Many solitary fibrous tumors do not cause symptoms, especially if they are small. However, as the tumor grows, it can put pressure on surrounding tissues and organs, leading to symptoms such as:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing
• Fatigue
• Weight loss

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a solitary fibrous tumor typically involves a combination of imaging tests and biopsy. Imaging tests such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can help identify the location and size of the tumor. A biopsy, which involves removing a sample of tissue from the tumor, can help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The primary treatment for solitary fibrous tumors is surgical removal of the tumor. This can be done using a variety of techniques, including video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or open thoracotomy. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used to treat SFTs that cannot be completely removed with surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for solitary fibrous tumors is generally good, especially if the tumor can be completely removed with surgery. However, in some cases, SFTs can recur after treatment, and a small percentage of tumors can become malignant (cancerous). Regular follow-up care with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence or metastasis.

Complications

Solitary fibrous tumors can cause complications such as:

• Pleural effusion, which is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
• Atelectasis, which is the collapse of lung tissue
• Respiratory failure, which can occur if the tumor compresses or invades surrounding lung tissue

It is essential to seek medical attention immediately if symptoms persist or worsen over time.