Shoulder Arthroplasty

Shoulder arthroplasty, also known as shoulder replacement surgery, is a surgical procedure where the damaged or arthritic joint surfaces of the shoulder are replaced with artificial components.

Types of Shoulder Arthroplasty

• Hemiarthroplasty: This involves replacing only the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) with an artificial component, while leaving the glenoid (shoulder socket) intact.
• Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: This involves replacing both the head of the humerus and the glenoid with artificial components.
• Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: This is a type of total shoulder arthroplasty where the position of the artificial components is reversed, with the ball-and-socket joint being placed upside down. This type of procedure is often used for patients with severe rotator cuff damage or arthritis.
• Resurfacing Arthroplasty: This involves replacing only the damaged surface of the humeral head with a cap-like component, rather than replacing the entire head.

Indications for Shoulder Arthroplasty

Shoulder arthroplasty is typically recommended for patients who have severe and persistent shoulder pain or limited mobility due to:

• Osteoarthritis (wear-and-tear arthritis)
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Post-traumatic arthritis (arthritis caused by a previous injury)
• Avascular necrosis (death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply)
• Fractures or dislocations that have not healed properly

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for shoulder arthroplasty typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given general anesthesia to ensure they are comfortable and pain-free during the procedure.
2. An incision is made in the shoulder to access the joint.
3. The damaged or arthritic joint surfaces are removed and replaced with artificial components.
4. The artificial components are secured in place using cement or other fixation methods.
5. The incision is closed and the patient is taken to the recovery room for post-operative care.

Post-Operative Care and Rehabilitation

After shoulder arthroplasty, patients typically require several weeks of rest and rehabilitation to allow the joint to heal and regain strength and mobility. This may include:

• Pain management with medication and physical therapy
• Range-of-motion exercises to improve flexibility and mobility
• Strengthening exercises to improve muscle function and stability
• Gradual return to normal activities and sports

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with shoulder arthroplasty, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma
• Nerve damage or numbness
• Dislocation or instability of the joint
• Loosening or wear of the artificial components over time

Outcomes and Expectations

The outcome of shoulder arthroplasty can vary depending on individual factors, such as the type and severity of the underlying condition, overall health, and adherence to post-operative rehabilitation. However, in general, patients can expect:

• Significant reduction in pain and improvement in function
• Improved range of motion and mobility
• Return to normal activities and sports, although some high-impact activities may need to be avoided
• A durable and long-lasting joint replacement, with most artificial components lasting 10-20 years or more