Shaken Baby Syndrome

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a form of child abuse that occurs when an infant or young child is violently shaken, causing damage to the brain and other parts of the body.

Causes and Risk Factors

SBS is often caused by a caregiver or parent who becomes frustrated or angry with a crying or fussy baby. The shaking can be so violent that it causes the baby's brain to move back and forth inside the skull, leading to bruising, swelling, and bleeding.

Risk Factors

• Young parents or caregivers who are under stress or have limited support
• Premature or low-birth-weight babies who may be more fragile
• Babies with underlying medical conditions that cause them to cry more frequently
• Families with a history of domestic violence or substance abuse

Symptoms and Signs

The symptoms of SBS can vary depending on the severity of the injury, but may include:

• Difficulty breathing or eating
• Vomiting or seizures
• Lethargy or unresponsiveness
• Changes in vision or hearing
• Paralysis or weakness in the arms or legs

Physical Signs

A physical examination may reveal:

• Retinal hemorrhages (bleeding in the eyes)
• Bruising or swelling on the head, face, or body
• Fractures or other injuries to the bones
• Soft spots on the skull that are larger than usual

Diagnosis and Treatment

SBS is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans.

Treatment for SBS depends on the severity of the injury and may include:

• Hospitalization to monitor and stabilize the baby's condition
• Medications to control seizures or other symptoms
• Surgery to repair any physical injuries
• Rehabilitation therapy to help the baby recover from any long-term effects of the injury

Prevention and Support

To prevent SBS, it is essential for caregivers to:

• Learn healthy ways to manage stress and frustration
• Take breaks and ask for help when needed
• Understand that crying is a normal part of infant development
• Seek support from family, friends, or professional resources if feeling overwhelmed

Resources

For more information on SBS and child abuse prevention, contact:

• National Child Abuse Hotline (1-800-422-4453)
• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)