Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Tests

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests are medical procedures used to diagnose infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact. These tests are crucial for identifying and treating STIs, which can have serious health consequences if left untreated.

Types of STI Tests

• Urine Tests: Used to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea, these tests involve providing a urine sample that is then analyzed for the presence of bacteria.
• Blood Tests: These tests are used to diagnose STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C. They involve drawing blood from a vein in the arm, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
• Swab Tests: Used to collect samples from the genitals, throat, or rectum, these tests can help diagnose STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes. The swab is then sent to a laboratory for culture or nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT).
• Physical Exams: A healthcare provider may perform a physical exam to look for signs of STIs, such as genital warts or ulcers.

STIs That Can Be Tested For

• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
• Syphilis
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
• Hepatitis B and C

Why Get Tested for STIs?

Getting tested for STIs is important because many of these infections do not cause noticeable symptoms, especially in their early stages. Untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility in women
• Epididymitis and prostate gland problems in men
• Increased risk of HIV transmission
• Certain types of cancer, such as cervical cancer
• Birth defects or miscarriage during pregnancy

Who Should Get Tested for STIs?

The following individuals should consider getting tested for STIs:

• Sexually active adolescents and adults
• Pregnant women
• Individuals with multiple sexual partners or a new partner
• Men who have sex with men (MSM)
• People who inject drugs or share needles
• Anyone who has been diagnosed with an STI in the past

How Often to Get Tested for STIs?

The frequency of STI testing depends on individual risk factors and sexual activity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends:

• Annual chlamydia and gonorrhea screening for sexually active women under 25 years old
• Annual HIV testing for individuals at high risk, including MSM and people who inject drugs
• Syphilis screening for pregnant women and individuals at high risk

What to Expect During an STI Test

During an STI test, a healthcare provider will:

• Ask about medical history and sexual activity
• Perform a physical exam, if necessary
• Collect samples (urine, blood, or swab) for testing
• Discuss test results and provide treatment options, if necessary

Confidentiality and Cost of STI Tests

STI tests are typically confidential, and many healthcare providers offer free or low-cost testing. The cost of STI tests may vary depending on the location, type of test, and insurance coverage.