Serum Albumin Test

The serum albumin test is a laboratory test used to measure the level of albumin in the blood. Albumin is a type of protein made by the liver and is one of the most abundant proteins in the blood.

Purpose of the Test

The serum albumin test is used to:

• Evaluate liver function and detect liver disease, such as cirrhosis or liver failure
• Assess nutritional status and detect malnutrition or starvation
• Monitor kidney function and detect nephrotic syndrome, a condition characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine
• Evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or malnutrition

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The serum albumin level is measured using a technique called spectrophotometry, which involves measuring the amount of light absorbed by the albumin in the blood sample.

Normal Results

The normal range for serum albumin levels varies slightly depending on the laboratory and the individual's age and sex. Generally, a normal serum albumin level is between 3.4 and 5.4 grams per deciliter (g/dL) of blood.

Abnormal Results

Low serum albumin levels (< 3.4 g/dL) may indicate:

• Liver disease, such as cirrhosis or liver failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Malnutrition or starvation
• Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease

High serum albumin levels (> 5.4 g/dL) may indicate:

• Dehydration
• Heart failure
• Kidney disease, such as nephritic syndrome

Risks and Limitations

The serum albumin test is a relatively safe and simple procedure. However, there are some risks and limitations to consider:

• Bleeding or bruising at the needle site
• Infection at the needle site
• False-negative or false-positive results due to laboratory error or interference from other substances in the blood

Interpretation of Results

The serum albumin test should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory tests and medical evaluations. A healthcare provider will consider the individual's medical history, physical examination, and other test results to determine the significance of the serum albumin level.