Sepsis and Septicaemia

Sepsis and septicaemia are life-threatening conditions that occur when the body's response to an infection becomes uncontrolled and causes widespread inflammation. They can lead to organ failure and death if not promptly treated.

What is Sepsis?

Sepsis is a condition in which the body's response to an infection becomes uncontrolled, leading to widespread inflammation. It can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, and can affect anyone, but is more common in older adults, young children, and people with weakened immune systems.

What is Septicaemia?

Septicaemia, also known as septicemia, is a condition in which bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause a serious infection. It can lead to sepsis, organ failure, and death if not promptly treated. Septicaemia can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Symptoms of Sepsis and Septicaemia

The symptoms of sepsis and septicaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying infection. Common symptoms include:

• Fever (usually high)
• Chills
• Rapid heart rate
• Rapid breathing rate
• Confusion or disorientation
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Warmth or redness of the skin
• Skin lesions or rashes

Stages of Sepsis

Sepsis can progress through several stages, including:

• Sepsis: The initial stage of sepsis, in which the body's response to an infection becomes uncontrolled.
• Severe Sepsis: A more severe stage of sepsis, in which organ dysfunction occurs.
• Septic Shock: The most severe stage of sepsis, in which blood pressure drops and organs fail.

Treatments for Sepsis and Septicaemia

The treatment for sepsis and septicaemia typically involves a combination of the following:

• Antibiotics: To treat the underlying infection.
• Fluid Resuscitation: To replace lost fluids and maintain blood pressure.
• Vasopressors: To support blood pressure.
• Oxygen Therapy: To increase oxygen levels in the blood.
• Supportive Care: To manage symptoms and prevent complications, such as organ failure.
• Surgery: To remove the source of infection, if necessary.

Prevention of Sepsis and Septicaemia

To reduce the risk of developing sepsis and septicaemia:

• Practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly.
• Avoid close contact with people who have infections.
• Get vaccinated against flu and other infections.
• Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms of infection occur.

Complications of Sepsis and Septicaemia

If left untreated, sepsis and septicaemia can lead to serious complications, including:

• Organ failure (e.g. kidney, liver, heart)
• Respiratory failure
• Cardiovascular collapse
• Death