Sebaceous Cysts

Sebaceous cysts are small, usually harmless bumps under the skin. They are also known as epidermoid cysts or keratin cysts. These cysts are typically filled with a thick, cheesy, white material that is made up of dead skin cells and other debris.

Causes

Sebaceous cysts are caused by the blockage of sebaceous glands in the skin. Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily substance that helps to lubricate and protect the skin. When a gland becomes blocked, the sebum can accumulate and form a cyst.

Symptoms

The symptoms of sebaceous cysts may include:

• A small, usually painless bump under the skin
• A thick, cheesy, white material that may drain from the cyst
• Redness and swelling around the cyst
• Pain or tenderness if the cyst becomes inflamed or infected

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase a person's risk of developing sebaceous cysts, including:

• Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing sebaceous cysts due to their genetic makeup
• Aging: Sebaceous cysts are more common in older adults
• Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as acne or eczema, can increase the risk of developing sebaceous cysts
• Trauma: Injury to the skin can cause a sebaceous gland to become blocked and form a cyst

Diagnosis

A doctor can usually diagnose a sebaceous cyst by examining the bump and taking a medical history. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for sebaceous cysts usually involves removing the cyst. This can be done through:

• Surgical excision: The cyst is removed surgically, usually under local anesthesia
• Drainage: The cyst is drained of its contents, and then the opening is left to heal on its own
• Injection: A corticosteroid injection may be used to reduce inflammation and shrink the cyst

Prevention

There are no proven ways to prevent sebaceous cysts. However, keeping the skin clean and avoiding picking or squeezing bumps can help to reduce the risk of developing an infected cyst.

Complications

If left untreated, sebaceous cysts can become inflamed or infected, leading to:

• Pain and swelling
• Redness and warmth around the cyst
• Pus or discharge from the cyst
• Scarring

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a sebaceous cyst?
A benign, closed capsule or sac-like structure found under the skin, typically filled with a thick, cheesy, semi-solid material.

Where do sebaceous cysts usually occur?
They often appear on the face, neck, and trunk, but can also be found on other parts of the body.

What causes sebaceous cysts to form?
The exact cause is unclear, but they may be related to blocked oil glands or trauma to the skin.

Are sebaceous cysts painful?
They are usually painless, but can become tender or inflamed if infected or irritated.

Can sebaceous cysts be cancerous?
Rarely, but it is possible for a sebaceous cyst to be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, such as a tumor.

How are sebaceous cysts diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination and sometimes imaging tests or biopsy.

Can sebaceous cysts be treated at home?
No, it is generally not recommended to try to drain or remove a sebaceous cyst at home, as this can lead to infection or scarring.

How are sebaceous cysts typically removed?
They are usually surgically excised or drained by a healthcare professional.

Can sebaceous cysts recur after removal?
Yes, it is possible for a sebaceous cyst to recur in the same location after removal.

Are there any risk factors for developing sebaceous cysts?
Possibly, including genetic predisposition, acne, and certain skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm these associations.