Ringworm

Ringworm, also known as tinea, is a fungal infection that affects the skin, causing a ring-shaped lesion. It is not caused by a worm, but rather by a type of fungus called dermatophytes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ringworm is caused by several species of fungi, including Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. These fungi can be found in the soil, on animals, and on other people. The risk factors for developing ringworm include:

• DIRECT contact with an infected person or animal
• Indirect contact with contaminated objects, such as towels, clothing, or furniture
• Walking barefoot in areas where the fungus is present, such as locker rooms or swimming pools
• Weakened immune system
• Poor hygiene

Symptoms

The symptoms of ringworm include:

• A circular, ring-shaped lesion with a clear center and a red, scaly border
• Itching, burning, or stinging sensations in the affected area
• Redness, swelling, and inflammation around the lesion
• Blistering or crusting on the skin

Types of Ringworm

There are several types of ringworm, including:

• Tinea corporis (body ringworm): affects the skin on the body
• Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm): affects the scalp and hair
• Tinea cruris (jock itch): affects the groin area
• Tinea pedis (athlete's foot): affects the feet
• Tinea unguium (fungal infection of the nails): affects the fingernails or toenails

Diagnosis

Ringworm is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also perform the following tests:

• KOH (potassium hydroxide) test: a sample of skin scrapings or hair is examined under a microscope to look for fungal elements
• Fungal culture: a sample of skin scrapings or hair is sent to a laboratory to grow the fungus and identify the species

Treatment

The treatment for ringworm depends on the severity and location of the infection. Topical antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole or terbinafine, are often used to treat mild cases. Oral antifungal medications, such as griseofulvin or itraconazole, may be prescribed for more severe cases or for infections that affect the scalp or nails.

Prevention

To prevent ringworm, it is recommended to:

• Practice good hygiene, including washing hands regularly and showering after exercise or sports
• Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels or clothing
• Wear shoes in public areas, such as locker rooms or swimming pools
• Treat pets that have ringworm to prevent transmission to humans