Rib Fracture
A rib fracture, also known as a broken rib, is a crack or break in one of the bones that make up the rib cage. The rib cage is made up of 12 pairs of ribs that protect the lungs, heart, and other vital organs.
Causes
Rib fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Trauma to the chest, such as from a car accident or fall
- Severe coughing or sneezing
- Weak bones, such as those caused by osteoporosis
- Cancer that has spread to the bones
- Infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis
Symptoms
The symptoms of a rib fracture can vary depending on the severity and location of the break. Common symptoms include:
- Pain in the chest or side that worsens with deep breathing or coughing
- Tenderness to the touch
- Swelling or bruising
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Coughing up blood or yellow or green mucus
Diagnosis
A rib fracture is typically diagnosed with a physical examination and imaging tests, such as:
- X-rays to confirm the break and assess its severity
- Computed Tomography (CT) scans to evaluate the lungs and other internal organs for damage
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans to assess soft tissue damage
Treatment
Treatment for a rib fracture typically involves managing pain and promoting healing. This can include:
- Pain medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
- Rest and avoiding strenuous activities
- Deep breathing exercises to prevent pneumonia
- Surgery in severe cases where the break is unstable or there is damage to internal organs
Complications
Complications of a rib fracture can include:
- Pneumonia or other respiratory infections
- Bleeding or hemorrhage
- Damage to internal organs, such as the lungs or spleen
- Chronic pain or disability
Prevention
Preventing rib fractures can involve:
- Wearing protective gear, such as seatbelts and helmets, to reduce the risk of injury from accidents
- Maintaining strong bones through a healthy diet and regular exercise
- Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke to reduce the risk of osteoporosis
Article last updated on: 6th June 2025.
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