Refractive Surgery

Refractive surgery is a type of eye surgery that aims to improve vision by reshaping the cornea, the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The goal of refractive surgery is to reduce or eliminate dependence on glasses or contact lenses.

Types of Refractive Surgery

  • LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): a popular type of refractive surgery that uses an excimer laser to reshape the cornea. LASIK is used to treat nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.
  • PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): a type of refractive surgery that also uses an excimer laser to reshape the cornea. PRK is similar to LASIK but does not create a thin flap in the cornea.
  • LASEK (Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis): a type of refractive surgery that combines elements of LASIK and PRK. LASEK uses an excimer laser to reshape the cornea and creates a thin flap in the epithelium, the outer layer of the cornea.
  • Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL): a type of refractive surgery that involves implanting a small lens inside the eye to correct vision. ICL is used to treat nearsightedness and farsightedness.
  • Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE): a type of refractive surgery that involves replacing the natural lens with an artificial lens. RLE is used to treat cataracts, presbyopia, and other vision problems.

Candidates for Refractive Surgery

Refractive surgery is typically recommended for individuals who:

  • are at least 18 years old
  • have a stable prescription
  • have no eye diseases, such as cataracts or glaucoma
  • have no systemic diseases, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
  • are not pregnant or breastfeeding

Risks and Complications of Refractive Surgery

As with any surgical procedure, refractive surgery carries risks and complications, including:

  • dry eye
  • infection
  • undercorrection or overcorrection
  • visual disturbances, such as halos or glare
  • flap complications (in LASIK and LASEK)

Recovery from Refractive Surgery

The recovery time for refractive surgery varies depending on the type of procedure. Most people can return to their normal activities within a few days, but it may take several weeks or months for vision to stabilize.

Results of Refractive Surgery

The results of refractive surgery vary from person to person. Most people experience significant improvement in their vision, but some may still require glasses or contact lenses for certain activities. The success rate of refractive surgery is generally high, with most people achieving 20/40 vision or better.

Article last updated on: 15th June 2025.
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