Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices

RBC indices are a group of tests used to evaluate the characteristics of red blood cells, which are an essential component of the blood. These tests provide valuable information about the size, shape, and hemoglobin content of RBCs.

Types of RBC Indices

• Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): measures the average volume of a single RBC. Normal range: 80-100 fL (femtoliters).
• Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): measures the average amount of hemoglobin in a single RBC. Normal range: 27-31 pg (picograms) per cell.
• Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of RBCs. Normal range: 33-36 g/dL (grams per deciliter).
• Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): measures the variation in size of RBCs. Normal range: 11-15%.

Purpose and Clinical Significance

RBC indices are used to diagnose and monitor various blood disorders, such as anemia, polycythemia, and thalassemia. Abnormal results can indicate:

• Anemia: low MCV, MCH, or MCHC values may indicate iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, or chronic disease.
• Polycythemia: high MCV, MCH, or MCHC values may indicate increased RBC production or decreased plasma volume.
• Thalassemia: abnormal MCV and MCH values may indicate genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin production.

How the Test is Performed

A complete blood count (CBC) test is typically performed to obtain RBC indices. The test involves:

• Collecting a blood sample from a vein or fingerstick.
• Using an automated analyzer to measure various components of the blood, including RBCs.
• Calculating RBC indices based on the measured values.

Interpretation and Limitations

RBC indices should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory results and clinical findings. Limitations of the test include:

• False or misleading results due to sample contamination, instrument error, or abnormal RBC morphology.
• Lack of standardization between different laboratories and analyzers.

Reference Range and Units

The reference ranges for RBC indices may vary depending on the laboratory and analyzer used. The units of measurement are typically:

• fL (femtoliters) for MCV.
• pg (picograms) per cell for MCH.
• g/dL (grams per deciliter) for MCHC.
• % (percentage) for RDW.