Rectal Examination

A rectal examination, also known as a digital rectal examination (DRE), is a medical procedure where a healthcare professional inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the patient's rectum to feel for abnormalities.

Purpose

The purpose of a rectal examination is to:

• Check for rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
• Feel for tumors, cysts, or other abnormalities in the rectum, prostate (in men), or uterus (in women)
• Assess the tone and sensation of the anal sphincter muscles
• Evaluate the size and consistency of the prostate gland (in men)
• Check for tenderness or pain in the rectal area

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is asked to remove their clothing from the waist down and lie on their side on an examination table, with their knees bent towards their chest.
2. The healthcare professional puts on gloves and applies lubricant to their finger.
3. The healthcare professional gently inserts their lubricated finger into the patient's rectum, usually up to the knuckle.
4. The healthcare professional feels for any abnormalities, such as lumps, bumps, or areas of tenderness.
5. The examination is typically brief, lasting only a few minutes.

Preparation

To prepare for a rectal examination:

• Avoid eating foods that can cause gas or bloating, such as beans or cabbage, for 24 hours before the examination.
• Avoid having a bowel movement for at least 2 hours before the examination.
• Inform the healthcare professional if you have any allergies or sensitivities to latex or lubricants.

Risks and Complications

Risks and complications associated with rectal examinations are rare, but may include:

• Bleeding or rectal tearing
• Infection
• Discomfort or pain during or after the examination

Special Considerations

Certain individuals may require special consideration during a rectal examination, including:

• Pregnant women, who should inform their healthcare professional of their pregnancy before the examination.
• Individuals with a history of rectal surgery or trauma, who may require additional precautions or modifications to the examination technique.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a rectal examination?
A medical procedure where a doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to check for abnormalities.

Why is a rectal examination performed?
To check for signs of diseases or conditions such as prostate cancer, hemorrhoids, or rectal bleeding.

How is a rectal examination typically done?
With the patient lying on their side or in a squatting position, and the doctor wearing gloves and using lubricant.

Is a rectal examination painful?
It may cause some discomfort or embarrassment, but is usually not extremely painful.

How long does a rectal examination take?
Typically around 1-3 minutes.

Do I need to prepare for a rectal examination?
Possibly, by emptying bowels and bladder beforehand, and removing clothing from the waist down.

Can anyone perform a rectal examination?
No, it should only be performed by a qualified medical professional.

Are there any risks associated with a rectal examination?
Rarely, minor complications such as bleeding or discomfort may occur.

How often is a rectal examination recommended?
It depends on individual factors, such as age and medical history, but typically as part of routine check-ups for men over 50.

Can a rectal examination diagnose all rectal problems?
No, it has limitations, and further testing may be needed to confirm a diagnosis.