Pulse

The pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery, typically felt at the wrist, neck, or other points on the body where an artery is close to the surface.

Normal Pulse Rate

A normal pulse rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm). For children, the normal range is:

• Newborns (0-1 month): 100-160 bpm
• Infants (1-12 months): 80-120 bpm
• Toddlers (1-2 years): 80-120 bpm
• Children (6-12 years): 70-100 bpm
• Adolescents (13-19 years): 55-90 bpm

Factors Affecting Pulse Rate

Pulse rate can be influenced by various factors, including:

• Age: Pulse rate tends to decrease with age
• Physical activity: Exercise or physical activity can increase pulse rate
• Emotions: Stress, anxiety, or excitement can increase pulse rate
• Medications: Certain medications, such as beta blockers, can affect pulse rate
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as anemia or hyperthyroidism, can affect pulse rate

Abnormal Pulse Rates

Pulse rates that fall outside the normal range may indicate a potential health issue. For example:

• Tachycardia: A pulse rate above 100 bpm in adults, which can be caused by anxiety, stress, or certain medical conditions
• Bradycardia: A pulse rate below 60 bpm in adults, which can be caused by certain medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism or heart block

Measuring Pulse Rate

Pulse rate can be measured using various methods, including:

• Manual pulse measurement: Using the fingers to feel the pulse at the wrist or neck
• Electronic pulse measurement: Using a device such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) or pulse oximeter

Clinical Significance

Pulse rate is an important vital sign that can provide valuable information about a person's overall health. Abnormal pulse rates can indicate underlying medical conditions, and monitoring pulse rate can help healthcare professionals diagnose and manage various health issues.