Pruritus of the Scalp

Pruritus of the scalp refers to an itchy sensation on the scalp, which can be a symptom of various underlying conditions. The itchiness can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as redness, flaking, or hair loss.

Causes

• Dandruff (Seborrheic Dermatitis): A common condition characterized by a flaky, itchy scalp due to an overproduction of skin cells and oil.
• Psoriasis: An autoimmune condition that can cause red, scaly patches on the scalp, leading to itchiness and discomfort.
• Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): A chronic skin condition that can affect the scalp, causing dryness, itchiness, and inflammation.
• Head Lice: Infestation by head lice can cause intense itching on the scalp, especially at night.
• Fungal Infections: Conditions like ringworm (tinea capitis) can infect the scalp, leading to itchiness, redness, and hair loss.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergies to hair care products, such as shampoos or conditioners, can cause an itchy scalp.
• Dry Scalp: A dry scalp can become itchy due to a lack of moisture, often caused by harsh hair care products or environmental factors.

Symptoms

• Itchiness on the scalp, which can be mild or severe
• Redness and inflammation on the scalp
• Flaking or scaling on the scalp
• Hair loss or thinning in some cases
• White or yellowish crust on the scalp (in cases of fungal infections)

Treatment Options

• Medicated Shampoos: Antifungal, antibacterial, or anti-dandruff shampoos can help alleviate symptoms.
• Corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroid creams or ointments can reduce inflammation and itchiness.
• Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines can help relieve itching and reduce allergic reactions.
• Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments: OTC products like hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion can provide temporary relief from itchiness.
• Prescription Medications: In severe cases, prescription medications like oral corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be necessary to treat underlying conditions.

Prevention and Self-Care

• Maintain good scalp hygiene by washing the hair regularly with a gentle shampoo.
• Avoid using harsh hair care products that can strip the scalp of its natural oils.
• Reduce stress, as it can exacerbate conditions like eczema and psoriasis.
• Avoid scratching the scalp to prevent further irritation and potential infection.