Positional Plagiocephaly

Positional plagiocephaly, also known as positional molding or flat head syndrome, is a condition where a baby's head becomes flattened on one side due to repeated pressure on that area. This can occur when a baby spends a lot of time in the same position, such as lying on their back or side, and is more common in infants who are born prematurely or have limited mobility.

Causes

The main cause of positional plagiocephaly is the repeated pressure on one area of the head, which can be due to various factors, including:

• Prolonged periods of lying in the same position
• Preferential head turning, where a baby consistently turns their head to one side
• Torticollis, a condition where the neck muscles are tight or twisted, causing the head to be tilted to one side
• Premature birth, as premature babies may have softer skulls and be more prone to molding

Symptoms

The symptoms of positional plagiocephaly can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common signs include:

• A flat spot or indentation on one side of the head
• An asymmetrical shape to the head, with one side being more prominent than the other
• Eyebrows or ears that are not level
• A noticeable difference in the shape of the skull when viewed from above

Diagnosis

Positional plagiocephaly is typically diagnosed through a physical examination by a pediatrician or healthcare provider. The doctor will assess the shape and symmetry of the baby's head, looking for any signs of flattening or asymmetry.

Treatment

Treatment for positional plagiocephaly usually involves repositioning techniques to reduce pressure on the affected area and encourage even growth of the skull. This can include:

• Repositioning the baby's head while they sleep, using a firm mattress and tight-fitting sheets
• Encouraging tummy time to strengthen neck muscles and promote even growth
• Avoiding prolonged periods of lying in the same position
• Using physical therapy or occupational therapy to address any underlying issues, such as torticollis

In some cases, a helmet or molding device may be recommended to help reshape the skull and promote even growth. This is typically used for more severe cases of positional plagiocephaly.

Prevention

To prevent positional plagiocephaly, parents can take several steps:

• Avoid leaving a baby in the same position for prolonged periods
• Encourage tummy time to strengthen neck muscles and promote even growth
• Alternate the direction of the baby's head while they sleep
• Use a firm mattress and tight-fitting sheets to reduce the risk of the baby's head becoming flattened

By being aware of the risks and taking steps to prevent positional plagiocephaly, parents can help promote healthy growth and development in their baby.