Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)

Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common and highly contagious infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including viruses, bacteria, allergens, and irritants.

Symptoms

• Redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva
• Discharge or pus in the eye, which can be yellow or greenish in color
• Itching or burning sensation in the eyes
• Excessive tearing or watery eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Blurred vision
• Crusting on the eyelashes, especially in the morning
• Swollen eyelids

Types of Pink Eye

• Viral conjunctivitis: Caused by a virus, such as the common cold or herpes simplex. It is highly contagious and can spread quickly.
• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus influenzae. It can be treated with antibiotics.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: Caused by an allergic reaction to substances like pollen, dust, or pet dander.
• Irritant conjunctivitis: Caused by exposure to chemicals, smoke, or other irritants.

Treatments

• Antibiotic eye drops or ointment: Prescribed for bacterial conjunctivitis to help clear up the infection.
• Antiviral medication: Prescribed for viral conjunctivitis, such as herpes simplex, to help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.
• Anti-allergy eye drops or oral medications: Used to treat allergic conjunctivitis by reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms.
• Supportive care: Applying warm compresses to the eyes, using artificial tears to lubricate the eyes, and avoiding rubbing or touching the eyes to prevent spreading the infection.
• Over-the-counter (OTC) medications: Such as antihistamines, decongestants, or pain relievers, can help alleviate symptoms like itching, redness, and discomfort.

Prevention

• Practice good hygiene: Wash hands frequently, especially after touching the eyes or face.
• Avoid sharing personal items: Such as towels, makeup, or contact lenses, to prevent spreading the infection.
• Keep the eyes clean: Use artificial tears or saline solution to rinse out the eyes and remove any discharge or debris.
• Avoid rubbing or touching the eyes: To prevent introducing bacteria or other irritants into the eyes.

Complications

• Corneal ulcers: Bacterial conjunctivitis can lead to corneal ulcers, which are open sores on the cornea that can cause vision loss if left untreated.
• Chronic conjunctivitis: Repeated or prolonged episodes of conjunctivitis can lead to chronic inflammation and scarring of the conjunctiva.
• Vision problems: Untreated pink eye can lead to vision problems, such as blurred vision or sensitivity to light, which can affect daily activities.