Pilonidal Cyst

A pilonidal cyst is a type of skin infection that occurs at the bottom of the tailbone (coccyx) and the top of the buttocks crease. It is characterized by a small hole or pit in the skin, which can become infected and filled with pus.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of pilonidal cysts is not known, but several factors are thought to contribute to their development. These include:

• Genetics: Pilonidal cysts can run in families, suggesting a possible genetic component.
• Hair growth: The presence of hair in the affected area may contribute to the formation of pilonidal cysts.
• Friction and pressure: Repeated friction and pressure on the skin, such as from sitting or tight clothing, can cause the skin to become irritated and form a cyst.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese may increase the risk of developing a pilonidal cyst.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a pilonidal cyst can vary depending on whether it is infected. Common symptoms include:

• A small, painful lump or bump at the bottom of the tailbone
• Redness and swelling around the affected area
• Pus or discharge from the cyst
• Fever
• Pain when sitting or standing

Diagnosis

A pilonidal cyst is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. The doctor may:

• Examine the affected area to look for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, and pus
• Ask about symptoms, such as pain and discharge
• Take a sample of the pus or discharge for laboratory testing to confirm the presence of an infection

Treatment

Treatment for a pilonidal cyst depends on whether it is infected. For non-infected cysts, treatment may involve:

• Warm compresses to help bring the cyst to a head and encourage drainage
• Antibiotics to prevent infection
• Surgical removal of the cyst

For infected cysts, treatment typically involves:

• Incision and drainage: The doctor makes a small incision in the cyst to drain the pus and debris.
• Antibiotics to treat the infection
• Surgical removal of the cyst after the infection has been treated

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing a pilonidal cyst, it is recommended to:

• Maintain good hygiene and keep the affected area clean
• Avoid tight clothing that can cause friction and irritation
• Stay at a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the skin
• Avoid sitting for long periods of time

Complications

If left untreated, pilonidal cysts can lead to complications such as:

• Recurring infections
• Abscesses (collections of pus) that can rupture and cause further infection
• Scarring and skin damage
• Chronic pain and discomfort