Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment that uses a light-sensitive medication, known as a photosensitizer, and a specific wavelength of light to target and destroy cancer cells or other affected areas.

How it Works

The process involves two main components: the administration of a photosensitizer and the application of a specific wavelength of light. The photosensitizer is typically injected into the bloodstream, where it accumulates in the targeted cells. When the targeted area is exposed to the specific wavelength of light, usually through a laser or other light source, the photosensitizer reacts with oxygen to produce a form of oxygen that kills the nearby cells.

Types of Photosensitizers

There are several types of photosensitizers used in PDT, including:

• Porfimer sodium (Photofrin)
• Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
• Methyl aminolevulinate (Metvixia)
• Bangorin

Applications of PDT

PDT is used to treat various medical conditions, including:

• Certain types of cancer, such as lung, esophageal, and skin cancers
• Actinic keratosis (a precancerous condition)
• Acne
• Precancerous lesions in the mouth and throat
• Age-related macular degeneration

Benefits of PDT

The benefits of PDT include:

• Minimally invasive procedure
• Reduced risk of scarring and damage to surrounding tissue
• Can be used in combination with other treatments, such as surgery or chemotherapy
• May have fewer side effects compared to traditional cancer treatments

Risks and Side Effects

Possible risks and side effects of PDT include:

• Skin sensitivity to light
• Burning or stinging sensation during treatment
• Swelling, redness, or blistering at the treatment site
• Eye damage (if proper precautions are not taken)

Precautions and Contraindications

Certain individuals may need to take precautions or avoid PDT altogether, including:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• People with certain medical conditions, such as porphyria
• Those taking certain medications that increase sensitivity to light

Post-Treatment Care

After PDT, patients may need to:

• Avoid direct sunlight and bright lights for a specified period
• Use protective clothing and sunscreen to prevent skin damage
• Follow a specific wound care regimen (if applicable)