Periorbital Hematoma

A periorbital hematoma, also known as a black eye, is a bruise around the eye commonly caused by blunt trauma to the face. The condition occurs when blood vessels in the skin around the eye break and leak, causing discoloration and swelling.

Causes

The most common causes of periorbital hematoma include:

• Blunt trauma to the face, such as from a fall or being hit by an object
• Sports injuries, particularly those involving contact sports like boxing, football, and hockey
• Fights or physical altercations
• Surgical procedures, such as blepharoplasty or facial reconstruction

Symptoms

Common symptoms of periorbital hematoma include:

• Discoloration around the eye, ranging from red to purple to black
• Swelling and inflammation around the eye
• Pain or tenderness around the eye
• Blurred vision or double vision in some cases

Treatment

Treatment for periorbital hematoma typically involves:

• Applying cold compresses to reduce swelling and ease pain
• Elevating the head while sleeping to reduce swelling
• Avoiding strenuous activities or bending to prevent worsening of symptoms
• Taking over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed by a healthcare professional

Complications

In rare cases, periorbital hematoma can lead to complications, including:

• Increased risk of infection if the skin is broken
• Hematoma formation in other areas of the face or head
• Vision problems or eye damage if the injury is severe

Prevention

To prevent periorbital hematoma, it is essential to:

• Wear protective gear, such as helmets and face masks, during sports and other high-risk activities
• Avoid physical altercations or fights
• Be cautious when walking or engaging in activities that may increase the risk of falls