Periorbital Hematoma

A periorbital hematoma, also known as a black eye, is a bruise around the eye commonly caused by blunt trauma to the face. The condition occurs when blood vessels in the skin around the eye break and leak, causing discoloration and swelling.

Causes

The most common causes of periorbital hematoma include:

• Blunt trauma to the face, such as from a fall or being hit by an object
• Sports injuries, particularly those involving contact sports like boxing, football, and hockey
• Fights or physical altercations
• Surgical procedures, such as blepharoplasty or facial reconstruction

Symptoms

Common symptoms of periorbital hematoma include:

• Discoloration around the eye, ranging from red to purple to black
• Swelling and inflammation around the eye
• Pain or tenderness around the eye
• Blurred vision or double vision in some cases

Treatment

Treatment for periorbital hematoma typically involves:

• Applying cold compresses to reduce swelling and ease pain
• Elevating the head while sleeping to reduce swelling
• Avoiding strenuous activities or bending to prevent worsening of symptoms
• Taking over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as directed by a healthcare professional

Complications

In rare cases, periorbital hematoma can lead to complications, including:

• Increased risk of infection if the skin is broken
• Hematoma formation in other areas of the face or head
• Vision problems or eye damage if the injury is severe

Prevention

To prevent periorbital hematoma, it is essential to:

• Wear protective gear, such as helmets and face masks, during sports and other high-risk activities
• Avoid physical altercations or fights
• Be cautious when walking or engaging in activities that may increase the risk of falls

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a periorbital hematoma?
A bruise around the eye, typically caused by trauma or injury.

What are the common symptoms of periorbital hematoma?
Swelling, bruising, pain, and discoloration around the eye.

How is periorbital hematoma diagnosed?
Through physical examination and medical history, possibly with imaging tests like CT scans.

What causes periorbital hematoma?
Trauma, injury, or surgery to the face, nose, or eye area.

Can periorbital hematoma be treated at home?
Mild cases may be managed with cold compresses and rest, but medical evaluation is recommended.

Are there any complications associated with periorbital hematoma?
Possibly, including increased pressure in the eye, vision problems, or infection.

How long does it take for periorbital hematoma to heal?
Typically several days to weeks, depending on severity and treatment.

Can periorbital hematoma be prevented?
Possibly, by wearing protective gear during sports or activities that may cause facial trauma.

Is surgery necessary to treat periorbital hematoma?
Rarely, but may be required in severe cases or if complications arise.

Should I seek medical attention for periorbital hematoma?
Yes, especially if symptoms worsen, vision is affected, or there are signs of infection.