Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a serious infection of the gums that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth. It is also known as gum disease.

Causes and Risk Factors

Periodontitis is typically caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque to build up on the teeth and harden into tartar. This can lead to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and, if left untreated, can progress to periodontitis. Other risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, and certain medications.

Symptoms

The symptoms of periodontitis may include:

• Red, swollen, and tender gums
• Bleeding while brushing or flossing
• Bad breath that won't go away
• Loose teeth
• Pain when chewing
• Receding gums
• Pus between the teeth and gums

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of periodontitis is typically made during a dental exam. The dentist will:

• Examine your teeth and gums for signs of plaque, tartar, and inflammation
• Use a probe to measure the depth of the pockets between your teeth and gums
• Take X-rays to check for bone loss around the teeth

Treatment

Treatment for periodontitis depends on the severity of the disease. It may include:

• Professional cleaning: The dentist will remove plaque and tartar from both above and below the gum line
• Scaling and root planing: This is a deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line and smooths out the roots of the teeth
• Medications: The dentist may prescribe antibiotics or other medications to help control the infection
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged gums and bone

Prevention

To prevent periodontitis, it is essential to practice good oral hygiene, including:

• Brushing your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Flossing once a day to remove plaque and food particles from between the teeth
• Visiting your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings
• Avoiding smoking and tobacco products

Complications

If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to serious complications, including:

• Tooth loss: Periodontitis is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults
• Increased risk of heart disease and stroke: Research has shown that there may be a link between periodontitis and an increased risk of heart disease and stroke
• Other health problems: Periodontitis has been linked to other health problems, including diabetes, respiratory disease, and osteoporosis