Palpitations

Palpitations are a common symptom characterized by an abnormal awareness of one's heartbeat, which may feel like the heart is racing, pounding, or skipping beats. This sensation can be felt in the chest, throat, or neck.

Causes of Palpitations

• Cardiac Causes: Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, or ventricular tachycardia, can cause palpitations.
• Anxiety and Stress: High levels of anxiety and stress can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, resulting in palpitations.
• Caffeine and Nicotine: Consuming high amounts of caffeine or nicotine can stimulate the heart and cause palpitations.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause can lead to palpitations in some women.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, or calcium can disrupt heart function and cause palpitations.
• Medications: Certain medications, including decongestants, asthma inhalers, and some antidepressants, can cause palpitations as a side effect.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions such as hyperthyroidism, anemia, or low blood sugar can also contribute to palpitations.

Symptoms of Palpitations

• A feeling of the heart racing or pounding
• A sensation of skipped beats or irregular heartbeat
• Chest discomfort or tightness
• Shortness of breath
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Fatigue or weakness

Diagnosis of Palpitations

To diagnose palpitations, a healthcare provider may perform the following tests:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures the heart's electrical activity to detect any abnormal rhythms.
• Holter Monitor: A portable device that records the heart's activity over a 24-hour period.
• Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create images of the heart and its blood vessels.
• Blood Tests: To check for underlying conditions such as anemia or electrolyte imbalances.

Treatment of Palpitations

Treatment for palpitations depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary if the palpitations are mild and not associated with any underlying condition. However, if the palpitations are caused by an underlying condition, treatment may include:

• Medications: To regulate heart rhythm or treat underlying conditions.
• Lifestyle Changes: Reducing stress, avoiding caffeine and nicotine, and getting regular exercise.
• Catheter Ablation: A procedure to destroy abnormal electrical pathways in the heart.
• Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD): Devices that help regulate the heartbeat.

Prevention of Palpitations

To prevent palpitations, it is recommended to:

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet.
• Manage stress through techniques such as meditation or deep breathing.
• Avoid excessive caffeine and nicotine consumption.
• Get enough sleep and practice good sleep hygiene.