Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are drugs that can be purchased without a prescription from a healthcare provider. These medications are available at pharmacies, supermarkets, and online retailers.

Types of OTC Medicines

• Pain relievers: acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), aspirin
• Antihistamines: diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine (Claritin)
• Decongestants: pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), phenylephrine (Sudafed PE)
• Cough and cold medicines: dextromethorphan, guaifenesin
• Antacids and acid reducers: ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid)
• Laxatives: senna, bisacodyl
• Skin and wound care: hydrocortisone, calamine lotion

Regulation of OTC Medicines

OTC medicines are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA sets standards for the safety, efficacy, and labeling of OTC medications.

Safety Precautions

• Always read and follow the label instructions
• Take only the recommended dose
• Avoid taking multiple medicines with the same active ingredient
• Be aware of potential interactions with other medications, including prescription drugs
• Keep OTC medicines out of reach of children and pets

Common Side Effects

Common side effects of OTC medicines may include:

• Stomach upset or nausea
• Dizziness or drowsiness
• Headache
• Rash or itching

Special Considerations

Certain individuals may need to take special precautions when taking OTC medicines, including:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Children and infants
• Older adults
• People with certain medical conditions, such as kidney or liver disease