Oral Herpes

Oral herpes, also known as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), is a viral infection that causes cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth, lips, and surrounding areas.

Causes and Risk Factors

Oral herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The virus is highly contagious and can be spread through:

• Direct contact with an infected person's cold sore or saliva
• Indirect contact with an infected person's contaminated utensils, towels, or other personal items
• Kissing or sharing food and drinks with an infected person

Symptoms

The symptoms of oral herpes may include:

• Painful blisters or sores on the lips, mouth, tongue, or gums
• Itching, burning, or tingling sensations before the blisters appear
• Swollen and tender lymph nodes in the neck
• Fever, headache, and fatigue
• Sore throat and difficulty swallowing

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of oral herpes is typically made based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also perform:

• Viral culture: a test to detect the presence of the HSV-1 virus in a sample from the sore
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test: a test to detect the genetic material of the HSV-1 virus
• Antibody tests: blood tests to detect the presence of antibodies against the HSV-1 virus

Treatment and Management

While there is no cure for oral herpes, treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks. Treatment options may include:

• Antiviral medications: such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms
• Pain relief medications: such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve pain and discomfort
• Topical creams or ointments: to help soothe and protect the skin

Prevention

To reduce the risk of getting oral herpes, it is recommended to:

• Avoid direct contact with an infected person's cold sore or saliva
• Wash hands frequently and thoroughly, especially after touching an infected person or their personal items
• Avoid sharing utensils, towels, or other personal items with an infected person
• Practice good hygiene and keep the mouth and surrounding areas clean

Complications

In rare cases, oral herpes can lead to complications such as:

• Herpes simplex keratitis: a viral infection of the eye that can cause vision loss if left untreated
• Encephalitis: a rare but potentially life-threatening inflammation of the brain
• Neonatal herpes: a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when an infected mother passes the virus to her baby during childbirth