Ophthalmalgia

Ophthalmalgia refers to pain in the eye. It is a symptom that can be caused by various conditions, ranging from mild and temporary to severe and chronic.

Causes of Ophthalmalgia

• Dry Eye Syndrome: Inadequate lubrication of the eyes can lead to irritation and pain.
• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the membrane covering the white part of the eye and inside of the eyelids.
• Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea, which can be caused by infection, injury, or underlying conditions.
• Glaucoma: A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to abnormally high pressure in the eye.
• Sinusitis: Inflammation or infection of the sinuses can cause referred pain to the eyes.
• Migraines and Cluster Headaches: Certain types of headaches can cause pain around or behind the eyes.
• Foreign Body in the Eye: Presence of a foreign object, such as dust, sand, or a contact lens, can irritate the eye and cause pain.
• Eye Strain: Prolonged use of computers, reading, or other activities that require focused attention can lead to eye fatigue and pain.

Symptoms Associated with Ophthalmalgia

• Pain or discomfort in one or both eyes
• Redness or inflammation of the eye
• Excessive tearing or discharge
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Headache or facial pain

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing the cause of ophthalmalgia involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, slit-lamp examination, and potentially imaging studies. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include:

• Artificial tears for dry eye syndrome
• Antibiotic or antiviral medications for infections
• Pain relief medications
• Lifestyle changes, such as adjusting computer use or reading habits
• Surgical intervention in some cases, like glaucoma or severe eye injuries

When to Seek Medical Attention

It is essential to seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe eye pain, sudden vision loss, double vision, or if the pain is accompanied by fever, discharge, or injury. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and preserve vision.