Ocular Pruritus

Ocular pruritus refers to the sensation of itchiness in the eyes. It is a common symptom that can be caused by various factors, including allergic reactions, dry eye syndrome, and irritants such as pollen or dust.

Causes

• Allergic conjunctivitis: an allergic reaction to substances like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, which can cause itchiness, redness, and tearing in the eyes.
• Dry eye syndrome: a condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears, leading to dryness, irritation, and itchiness.
• Blepharitis: inflammation of the eyelids, which can cause itchiness, redness, and swelling.
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: a condition characterized by dryness and inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva, leading to itchiness and discomfort.
• Atopic keratoconjunctivitis: an allergic condition that affects the eyes and skin, causing itchiness, redness, and tearing.

Symptoms

• Itchiness in one or both eyes
• Redness and inflammation of the eyes
• Tearing or watery discharge
• Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ocular pruritus typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including:

• Visual acuity test: to assess the sharpness and clarity of vision.
• Slit-lamp examination: to examine the eyes under high magnification.
• Fluorescein staining: to evaluate the health of the cornea and conjunctiva.
• Schirmer's test: to assess tear production.

Treatment

Treatment for ocular pruritus depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

• Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops: to relieve dryness and itchiness.
• Antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer eye drops: to reduce allergic reactions and inflammation.
• Corticosteroid eye drops: to reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Warm compresses: to loosen crusts and debris on the eyelids.
• Lid hygiene: to clean and maintain the health of the eyelids.

Complications

If left untreated, ocular pruritus can lead to complications such as:

• Chronic eye irritation and inflammation
• Scarring or damage to the cornea
• Infection of the eyes or eyelids
• Vision impairment or blindness

Prevention

To prevent ocular pruritus, it is essential to:

• Avoid rubbing the eyes
• Wear protective eyewear when outdoors
• Use artificial tears or lubricating eye drops regularly
• Maintain good lid hygiene and cleanliness
• Avoid exposure to allergens or irritants