Needle Biopsy

A needle biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect a sample of cells or tissue from the body for examination under a microscope.

Purpose

The purpose of a needle biopsy is to diagnose and monitor various conditions, including cancer, infections, and inflammatory diseases. It can also be used to guide treatment decisions and monitor the effectiveness of therapy.

Types of Needle Biopsy

• Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB): uses a thin needle to collect a sample of cells or fluid from a lump or mass.
• Core needle biopsy (CNB): uses a slightly larger needle to collect a small cylinder of tissue from the affected area.
• Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB): uses a special device to collect multiple samples of tissue through a single needle insertion.

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is positioned comfortably on an examination table or in a chair.
2. The skin over the affected area is cleaned and numbed with a local anesthetic.
3. A needle is inserted through the skin and guided to the affected area using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, mammography, or computed tomography (CT) scan.
4. A sample of cells or tissue is collected through the needle.
5. The needle is removed, and pressure is applied to the site to stop any bleeding.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with a needle biopsy, including:

• Bleeding or bruising at the biopsy site
• Infection
• Pain or discomfort
• Nerve damage (rare)

Aftercare

After a needle biopsy, patients may experience some discomfort, swelling, or bruising at the biopsy site. To minimize these effects:

• Apply ice to the area for 15-20 minutes, several times a day.
• Elevate the affected limb above heart level to reduce swelling.
• Avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting for 24 hours.

Results

The results of a needle biopsy are typically available within a few days to a week after the procedure. The sample is examined under a microscope by a pathologist, who will look for abnormal cells or tissue changes. The results may indicate:

• A diagnosis of cancer or another condition
• The presence of infection or inflammation
• Normal tissue or cells

Conclusion

A needle biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool that can help healthcare providers diagnose and manage various medical conditions. While it is generally a safe procedure, patients should be aware of the potential risks and complications and follow aftercare instructions to minimize discomfort and promote healing.