Nasal Fracture

A nasal fracture, also known as a broken nose, is a break or crack in one of the bones of the nose.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Blunt trauma to the face, such as from a fall, car accident, or sports injury
• Direct blow to the nose, such as from a punch or kick
• Penetrating injuries, such as from a gunshot or stab wound
• Pre-existing nasal deformities or weaknesses in the nasal bones

Symptoms

• Pain and tenderness to the nose and surrounding areas
• Swelling and bruising of the nose and face
• Nosebleeds (epistaxis) or difficulty stopping a nosebleed
• Difficulty breathing through the affected nostril
• Crooked or misshapen appearance of the nose
• Loss of sensation or numbness in the nose and surrounding areas

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made based on a physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies such as:

• X-rays to evaluate the nasal bones and sinuses
• Computed Tomography (CT) scans to assess the extent of the fracture and any potential complications

Treatment

Treatment for a nasal fracture depends on the severity of the injury and may include:

• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications
• Application of ice packs to reduce swelling and pain
• Elevation of the head to reduce congestion and promote drainage
• Nasal decongestants or saline sprays to help relieve nasal congestion
• Surgical reduction, which may be necessary for more severe fractures or those that involve a deviated septum
• Septorhinoplasty, a surgical procedure to repair the nasal septum and improve breathing and appearance

Complications

Possible complications of a nasal fracture include:

• Deviated septum, which can cause breathing difficulties and increase the risk of sinus infections
• Nasal obstruction or blockage
• Chronic sinusitis or recurrent sinus infections
• Cosmetic deformities or scarring
• Loss of smell (anosmia) or taste

Prevention

To reduce the risk of a nasal fracture, it is recommended to:

• Wear protective gear, such as helmets and face masks, when participating in sports or activities that carry a high risk of facial injury
• Avoid engaging in violent or aggressive behavior
• Use seatbelts and follow safety guidelines when driving or riding in vehicles
• Maintain good overall health and avoid conditions that may weaken the nasal bones, such as osteoporosis