Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers, also known as oral ulcers or mucosal ulcers, are small, painful lesions that develop on the mucous membranes inside the mouth. They can appear on the tongue, lips, gums, and other areas of the mouth.

Causes

• Trauma: Accidental biting of the cheek or tongue, or dental work can cause mouth ulcers.
• Infections: Viral infections such as herpes simplex, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and chickenpox can cause mouth ulcers.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease can increase the risk of developing mouth ulcers.
• Allergic reactions: Allergies to food, medications, or other substances can trigger mouth ulcers.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of vitamins such as B12, iron, or folic acid can contribute to the development of mouth ulcers.
• Stress and anxiety: High levels of stress and anxiety can cause mouth ulcers in some individuals.

Symptoms

• Painful sores or lesions on the mucous membranes inside the mouth
• Redness and swelling around the affected area
• Pus or discharge from the ulcer
• Fever in some cases
• Difficulty eating, drinking, or speaking due to pain

Types of Mouth Ulcers

• Aphthous ulcers: Also known as canker sores, these are the most common type of mouth ulcer. They are small, shallow lesions that heal on their own within a few days.
• Herpetiform ulcers: These are small, pinpoint-sized ulcers that often occur in clusters.
• Major aphthous ulcers: These are larger and deeper than canker sores and can take longer to heal.

Treatment and Management

• Topical anesthetics: To relieve pain and discomfort
• Antibacterial mouthwashes: To prevent infection
• Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and swelling
• Protective pastes or gels: To cover the ulcer and promote healing
• Avoiding spicy, acidic, or sharp foods that can irritate the ulcer
• Practicing good oral hygiene to prevent infection

Complications

• Infection: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can develop in the ulcer.
• Scarring: Large or deep ulcers can leave scars after healing.
• Dental problems: Mouth ulcers can increase the risk of dental problems such as tooth decay and gum disease.

Prevention

• Maintaining good oral hygiene
• Avoiding spicy, acidic, or sharp foods
• Managing stress and anxiety
• Getting regular dental check-ups
• Avoiding tobacco and alcohol use