Mouth Sores and Ulcers (Canker Sores)

Mouth sores and ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in the mouth, such as the tongue, inner cheeks, and lips. They are usually white or yellowish in color with a red border and can be painful.

Causes

The exact cause of mouth sores and ulcers is not always known, but several factors can contribute to their development, including:

• Mild mouth injury from dental work, hard brushing, or sports mishaps
• Food sensitivities, particularly to acidic or spicy foods
• Hormonal changes during menstruation or menopause
• Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid
• Allergic reactions to mouthwashes or other oral care products
• Stress and anxiety
• Weakened immune system due to illness or disease

Symptoms

The symptoms of mouth sores and ulcers can vary, but common signs include:

• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Small, shallow lesions with a white or yellowish center and red border
• Swollen and inflamed tissue around the sore
• Fever, in some cases
• Difficulty speaking, eating, or swallowing due to pain

Treatment

Treatment for mouth sores and ulcers usually involves self-care measures and over-the-counter medications. These can include:

• Topical anesthetics, such as benzocaine or lidocaine, to numb the area
• Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Mouthwashes with antimicrobial properties to reduce bacteria and promote healing
• Avoiding spicy, acidic, or sharp foods that can irritate the sore
• Applying a protective paste or gel to cover the sore and reduce pain

Prevention

To prevent mouth sores and ulcers, it is recommended to:

• Maintain good oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing
• Avoid biting or chewing on the cheeks or lips
• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle mouthwash
• Avoid foods that can trigger sores, such as citrus fruits or spicy dishes
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following, seek medical attention:

• Sores that are large, deep, or persistent
• Fever over 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• White patches on the tonsils or elsewhere in the mouth

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you are unsure about the cause of your mouth sores and ulcers or if they persist or worsen over time.