Mouth Sores and Ulcers

Mouth sores and ulcers are lesions that develop on the mucous membranes of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, and throat. They can be painful and may make eating, drinking, and speaking uncomfortable.

Causes

• Canker sores: These are small, shallow ulcers that develop on the soft tissues of the mouth, such as the tongue, inner cheeks, and lips. The exact cause is unknown, but they may be triggered by stress, minor mouth injury, or certain foods.
• Oral thrush: This is a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, which can lead to white patches and ulcers in the mouth.
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV): HSV can cause cold sores or fever blisters on the lips and mouth, as well as ulcers on the tongue and roof of the mouth.
• Hand, foot, and mouth disease: This is a viral infection that can cause sores and ulcers in the mouth, as well as on the hands and feet.
• Stress and anxiety: High levels of stress and anxiety can contribute to the development of mouth sores and ulcers.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins such as B12, iron, or folic acid can increase the risk of developing mouth sores and ulcers.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, can cause mouth sores and ulcers as a side effect.

Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Redness and swelling around the sore or ulcer
• White or yellowish patches on the mucous membranes
• Bleeding or oozing from the sore or ulcer
• Fever, in some cases
• Difficulty eating, drinking, or speaking due to pain or discomfort

Treatment and Management

Treatment for mouth sores and ulcers depends on the underlying cause. In general, the following measures can help alleviate symptoms:

• Topical anesthetics or pain relievers to reduce pain and discomfort
• Antibacterial or antifungal medications to treat infections
• Vitamin supplements to address nutritional deficiencies
• Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing regularly, to prevent infection and promote healing
• Avoiding spicy, acidic, or sharp foods that can irritate the sores or ulcers
• Getting plenty of rest and managing stress through relaxation techniques

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the following, seek medical attention:

• Severe pain or bleeding that doesn't stop
• Fever over 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Sores or ulcers that don't heal within 2-3 weeks
• White patches or lesions that are large, irregularly shaped, or have a rough surface

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are mouth sores and ulcers?
Open sores or lesions in the mouth.

What causes mouth sores and ulcers?
Viral infections, trauma, stress, and certain medications.

Are mouth sores and ulcers contagious?
Some types, like cold sores, are contagious.

How long do mouth sores and ulcers last?
Typically 1-3 weeks.

Can mouth sores and ulcers be painful?
Yes, often causing discomfort or pain.

How can I manage mouth sore and ulcer pain?
With topical anesthetics or over-the-counter pain relievers.

Can mouth sores and ulcers be a sign of an underlying condition?
Yes, such as oral cancer or autoimmune disorders.

Should I see a doctor for mouth sores and ulcers?
If they persist, worsen, or are accompanied by fever or difficulty swallowing.

How can I prevent mouth sores and ulcers?
By practicing good oral hygiene and avoiding irritants.

Can mouth sores and ulcers be treated with antibiotics?
Only if caused by a bacterial infection.