Mitral Valve Prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a condition where the two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium when the heart contracts. This can lead to a range of symptoms and complications.

Causes and Risk Factors

Mitral valve prolapse is often caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some people are born with a predisposition to MVP, while others may develop it due to age-related wear and tear on the valve. Risk factors for MVP include:

• Family history of MVP
• Age: MVP is more common in older adults
• Sex: MVP is more common in women than men
• Connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy

Symptoms

Many people with mitral valve prolapse do not experience any symptoms. However, some may experience:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Fatigue or weakness
• Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
• Lightheadedness or dizziness

Diagnosis

Mitral valve prolapse is typically diagnosed using a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests, including:

• Echocardiogram: an ultrasound test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart and its valves
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart
• Chest X-ray: a test that uses radiation to create images of the heart and lungs

Treatment

Treatment for mitral valve prolapse depends on the severity of symptoms and the presence of any underlying conditions. Options may include:

• Monitoring: regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to track the condition and watch for any changes
• Medications: such as beta blockers or blood thinners, to manage symptoms and prevent complications
• Surgery: in some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the mitral valve

Complications

If left untreated, mitral valve prolapse can lead to a range of complications, including:

• Mitral regurgitation: a condition where blood flows backward through the mitral valve and into the left atrium
• Endocarditis: an infection of the heart valves or lining
• Atrial fibrillation: a type of irregular heartbeat
• Heart failure: a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs

Prevention

While it may not be possible to prevent mitral valve prolapse, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of complications and promote overall heart health, including:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Eating a balanced diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Managing stress
• Not smoking

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)?
A condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, potentially causing blood to leak backward.

What are the symptoms of MVP?
Often asymptomatic, but may include chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

What causes MVP?
Typically due to genetic factors, but can also be caused by conditions such as Marfan syndrome or rheumatic heart disease.

How is MVP diagnosed?
Usually through physical examination, echocardiogram, and sometimes electrocardiogram (ECG) or cardiac catheterization.

Can MVP be treated?
Often does not require treatment, but may involve medications to manage symptoms or surgery in severe cases.

What are the risks associated with MVP?
May increase risk of mitral regurgitation, heart failure, and endocarditis, particularly if left untreated.

Can people with MVP lead normal lives?
Most people with MVP can lead active, normal lives with minimal restrictions.

Are there any lifestyle changes recommended for MVP?
Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing stress may help alleviate symptoms.

Is MVP inherited?
May have a genetic component, but the exact role of inheritance is not fully understood.

Can MVP be prevented?
Currently, there is no known way to prevent MVP, as its causes are often unclear or related to genetic factors.