Metastatic Brain Tumor

A metastatic brain tumor is a type of cancer that originates from another part of the body and spreads to the brain. It is also known as a secondary brain tumor or brain metastasis. Metastatic brain tumors are the most common type of brain tumor in adults, accounting for approximately 50% of all brain tumors.

Causes and Risk Factors

Metastatic brain tumors occur when cancer cells from another part of the body, such as the lungs, breast, skin, or colon, break away from the primary tumor and travel to the brain through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The most common primary cancers that metastasize to the brain are:

• Lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Melanoma (skin cancer)
• Colorectal cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Thyroid cancer

Symptoms

The symptoms of metastatic brain tumors can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, as well as the individual's overall health. Common symptoms include:

• Headaches
• Seizures
• Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
• Difficulty with speech, vision, or hearing
• Balance and coordination problems
• Nausea and vomiting
• Changes in personality or behavior

Diagnosis

Metastatic brain tumors are typically diagnosed using a combination of imaging tests, including:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan

A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the primary source of the cancer.

Treatment Options

Treatment for metastatic brain tumors depends on the size, location, and number of tumors, as well as the individual's overall health. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor
• Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to treat multiple tumors
• Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to treat single or multiple tumors
• Chemotherapy to treat the primary cancer and reduce symptoms

Prognosis

The prognosis for metastatic brain tumors varies depending on the individual's overall health, the size and location of the tumor, and the effectiveness of treatment. Generally, the prognosis is poor, with a median survival time of 4-6 months after diagnosis. However, some individuals may live for several years with proper treatment and care.