Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), also known as shin splints, is a common overuse injury that affects the lower leg. It is characterized by pain and inflammation in the medial (inner) aspect of the tibia, which is the large bone in the lower leg.

Causes and Risk Factors

MTSS is often caused by repetitive stress and strain on the muscles, tendons, and bones in the lower leg. This can be due to a variety of factors, including:

• Overtraining or sudden changes in training intensity or frequency
• Poor foot biomechanics, such as flat feet or high arches
• Running or jumping on hard surfaces
• Wearing inadequate or worn-out footwear
• Muscle imbalances or weaknesses in the lower leg

Symptoms

The symptoms of MTSS can vary, but common complaints include:

• Pain and tenderness along the medial aspect of the tibia
• Swelling and inflammation in the affected area
• Stiffness and limited mobility in the ankle and foot
• Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest

Diagnosis

MTSS is typically diagnosed based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. A healthcare professional may:

• Perform a thorough physical examination to assess pain and tenderness
• Use imaging studies such as X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out other conditions, such as stress fractures
• Conduct a biomechanical assessment to evaluate foot and ankle function

Treatment and Management

Treatment for MTSS typically involves a combination of conservative measures, including:

• Rest and avoidance of activities that aggravate the condition
• Ice and compression to reduce pain and inflammation
• Stretching and strengthening exercises to improve flexibility and strength in the lower leg
• Footwear modifications, such as orthotics or shoe inserts, to address biomechanical issues
• Physical therapy to improve foot and ankle function

Prevention

To prevent MTSS, individuals can take several steps, including:

• Gradually increasing training intensity and frequency
• Wearing proper footwear and replacing shoes regularly
• Incorporating stretching and strengthening exercises into their routine
• Avoiding running or jumping on hard surfaces
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the lower leg