Mammography

Mammography is a specialized form of x-ray imaging used to examine the breast for early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases, particularly breast cancer.

Procedure Overview

The mammography procedure involves positioning the breast between two flat plates, which are then compressed to flatten the breast tissue. This compression helps to:

• Even out the thickness of the breast tissue
• Reduce movement during the x-ray exposure
• Decrease the amount of radiation needed
• Improve image quality by reducing scatter radiation

Types of Mammography

There are several types of mammography, including:

• Screening Mammography: A routine examination of the breast for women who have no symptoms or signs of breast cancer.
• Diagnostic Mammography: A more detailed examination of the breast for women who have symptoms or signs of breast cancer, such as a lump or nipple discharge.
• Digital Mammography: A type of mammography that uses digital technology to capture and store images of the breast.
• 3D Mammography (Tomosynthesis): A type of mammography that uses low-dose x-rays to create a three-dimensional image of the breast.

Risks and Benefits

The benefits of mammography include:

• Early detection of breast cancer, which can improve treatment outcomes and survival rates
• Reduced mortality from breast cancer

The risks of mammography include:

• Radiation exposure, although the dose is typically low
• False-positive results, which can lead to unnecessary biopsies or other procedures
• False-negative results, which can miss breast cancer
• Discomfort or pain during the procedure due to compression of the breast

Preparation and Aftercare

To prepare for a mammography:

• Avoid using deodorant, perfume, or powder on the day of the examination
• Wear comfortable clothing and avoid wearing jewelry or clothing with metal fasteners
• Inform the technologist if you have any breast implants or other medical devices

After the procedure:

• The results will be sent to your doctor, who will discuss them with you
• If any abnormalities are detected, additional testing or follow-up appointments may be necessary

Recommendations and Guidelines

The American Cancer Society recommends that women:

• Between 40 and 44 years old should have the option to start annual screening mammograms
• Between 45 and 54 years old should have annual screening mammograms
• 55 years old and older should have screening mammograms every other year, or they can choose to continue annual screening

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that women:

• Between 50 and 74 years old should have biennial screening mammograms