Mallet Finger

Mallet finger is a type of injury that occurs when the tendon that straightens the tip of the finger (extensor tendon) is stretched or torn, typically at the base of the distal phalanx.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Direct blow to the tip of the finger, such as from a ball or other object
• Sudden, forceful bending of the finger, such as when trying to catch an object
• Weakened or damaged tendons due to age, injury, or certain medical conditions
• Participating in sports that involve catching or throwing, such as basketball, football, or baseball

Symptoms

• Pain and swelling at the base of the distal phalanx
• Inability to straighten the tip of the finger
• Drooping or sagging of the fingertip
• Bruising or bleeding under the nail
• Limited range of motion in the affected finger

Types of Mallet Finger

• Bony mallet finger: involves a fracture of the distal phalanx, which can be further classified into:
  • Non-displaced fracture: the bone remains in place
  • Displaced fracture: the bone is out of place
• Tendinous mallet finger: involves a tear or rupture of the extensor tendon, without a fracture
• Rupture of both bone and tendon: a combination of a fracture and a tendon injury

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and medical history. Imaging tests such as X-rays may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

• Conservative management: includes immobilization of the finger in a splint or cast, pain management with medication, and physical therapy to maintain range of motion
• Surgical intervention: may be necessary for more severe injuries, such as displaced fractures or ruptures of both bone and tendon
• Follow-up care: regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider to monitor healing progress and adjust treatment as needed

Complications and Prognosis

If left untreated, mallet finger can lead to chronic pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the affected finger. With proper treatment, most people can expect a full recovery, although some may experience residual symptoms or limitations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Mallet finger?
Mallet finger is an injury to the thin tendon that straightens the tip of the finger or thumb.

What causes Mallet finger?
It is typically caused by an object, such as a ball, striking the tip of the finger or thumb, forcing it to bend.

What are the symptoms of Mallet finger?
Symptoms include pain, swelling, and inability to straighten the tip of the affected finger or thumb.

How is Mallet finger diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination and sometimes X-rays to rule out fractures.

Can Mallet finger be treated at home?
Mild cases may be treated with ice, rest, and buddy taping, but medical attention is often necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What is the typical treatment for Mallet finger?
Treatment typically involves immobilizing the finger in a splint to allow the tendon to heal, sometimes with surgery for more severe cases.

How long does it take for Mallet finger to heal?
Healing time can vary, but generally takes around 6-8 weeks for the tendon to fully recover.

Can Mallet finger be prevented?
While not entirely preventable, wearing protective gear during sports and being mindful of surroundings may reduce the risk of injury.

Are there any complications associated with Mallet finger?
Possible complications include permanent deformity or stiffness if left untreated or improperly treated.

Does Mallet finger require surgery?
Surgery may be necessary in some cases, such as when the injury is severe or involves a fracture, but not always.