Male Sterilisation

Male sterilisation, also known as vasectomy, is a surgical procedure that aims to permanently prevent pregnancy by interrupting the flow of sperm from the testicles to the penis.

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

• A local anaesthetic is administered to numb the area.
• A small incision or puncture is made in the scrotum to access the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles.
• The vas deferens are then cut and sealed using clips, ties, or cauterisation to prevent sperm from passing through.
• The incision or puncture is closed with stitches or left to heal on its own.

Types of Vasectomy

There are two main types of vasectomy:

• Conventional vasectomy: This involves making a small incision in the scrotum to access the vas deferens.
• No-scalpel vasectomy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a special instrument to make a small puncture in the scrotum, rather than an incision.

Effectiveness

Vasectomy is a highly effective form of birth control, with a failure rate of less than 1% when performed correctly. However, it may take several months and multiple semen analyses to confirm that the procedure has been successful in preventing pregnancy.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with vasectomy, including:

• Bleeding or haematoma
• Infection
• Pain or discomfort
• Sperm granuloma (a lump that forms at the site of the vasectomy)
• Recanalisation (the vas deferens grow back together, allowing sperm to pass through again)

Reversibility

Vasectomy is considered a permanent form of birth control, but it may be possible to reverse the procedure in some cases. However, reversal is not always successful and may require additional surgery.

Post-Procedure Care

After a vasectomy, patients are typically advised to:

• Rest for a few days to avoid strenuous activities
• Apply ice packs to reduce swelling
• Take pain relief medication as needed
• Avoid heavy lifting or bending
• Wear supportive underwear to help reduce discomfort

Follow-Up Care

After a vasectomy, patients will need to attend follow-up appointments with their doctor to:

• Check for any complications or side effects
• Perform semen analyses to confirm the absence of sperm
• Discuss any concerns or questions about the procedure