Lyssavirus (Australian Bat Lyssavirus - ABLV)

Lyssavirus, also known as Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV), is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is a member of the Lyssavirus genus, which includes the rabies virus.

What is ABLV?

Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) is a zoonotic virus, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is primarily found in flying foxes and microbats in Australia. The virus is closely related to the rabies virus and can cause similar symptoms in infected individuals.

Symptoms of ABLV

The symptoms of ABLV infection can vary, but they often resemble those of rabies. They may include:

• Flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue
• Numbness or tingling around the bite wound or scratch
• Pain or discomfort at the site of the bite or scratch
• Agitation, aggression, or confusion
• Difficulty swallowing or excessive salivation
• Muscle weakness or paralysis
• Seizures or coma in severe cases

Transmission of ABLV

Australian Bat Lyssavirus can be transmitted to humans through:

• Bites or scratches from infected bats
• Contact with infected bat saliva, urine, or feces
• Contaminated food or water

Treatments for ABLV

If an individual is suspected of being exposed to ABLV, prompt medical attention is essential. The treatment for ABLV exposure typically involves:

• Immediate washing of the wound with soap and water
• Administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes:
• Rabies immunoglobulin (immediate dose)
• A series of rabies vaccinations (over 28 days)
• Monitoring for symptoms and providing supportive care if necessary

Prevention of ABLV

To minimize the risk of contracting ABLV, it is recommended to:

• Avoid handling bats or other wild animals
• Wear protective clothing and gloves when interacting with bats
• Ensure that any bat handlers or veterinarians are vaccinated against rabies
• Keep pets up-to-date on their vaccinations, especially if they may come into contact with bats

Outlook and Prognosis

If prompt medical attention is received after exposure to ABLV, the prognosis is generally good. However, if symptoms develop, the disease can be fatal. It is essential to take precautions when interacting with bats or other wild animals to minimize the risk of transmission.