Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a rare condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lobules of the breast. The lobules are the glands that produce milk. LCIS is not considered to be true cancer, but rather a condition that increases the risk of developing breast cancer in the future.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of LCIS is not known, but it is thought to be related to hormonal changes and genetic factors. Women with a family history of breast cancer are at increased risk of developing LCIS. Other risk factors include:

• Age: LCIS is most commonly diagnosed in women between the ages of 40 and 50.
• Genetic mutations: Women with certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, are at increased risk of developing LCIS.
• Hormonal factors: Hormonal changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding may increase the risk of developing LCIS.

Symptoms

LCIS is often asymptomatic and is usually discovered during a routine breast biopsy or mammogram. In some cases, women with LCIS may experience:

• Nipple discharge
• Breast pain or tenderness
• A lump or thickening in the breast

Diagnosis

LCIS is typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests and biopsy. The following tests may be used to diagnose LCIS:

• Mammogram: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that can help identify abnormal areas.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the breast tissue.
• Breast biopsy: A breast biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue from the breast for examination under a microscope.

Treatment and Management

LCIS is not typically treated with surgery or radiation, as it is not considered to be true cancer. Instead, women with LCIS are usually monitored closely with regular mammograms and clinical exams to watch for any changes in the breast tissue. In some cases, hormone-blocking medications may be prescribed to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer.

Prognosis

Women with LCIS are at increased risk of developing breast cancer in the future. The risk of developing breast cancer is estimated to be 7-10 times higher in women with LCIS compared to women without the condition. However, with close monitoring and regular screening, many women with LCIS can reduce their risk of developing breast cancer.