Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a skin condition characterized by thickened, scaly, and hyperpigmented skin lesions that result from repetitive scratching or rubbing of the affected area.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of LSC is unknown, but it is believed to be related to chronic scratching or rubbing of the skin, which can be triggered by various factors such as:

• Dry skin (xerosis)
• Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
• Psoriasis
• Insect bites or stings
• Allergic contact dermatitis
• Neurodermatitis

Symptoms

The symptoms of LSC include:

• Thickened, scaly skin lesions (lichenification)
• Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin)
• Pruitus (itching)
• Rubbing or scratching of the affected area
• Lesions can be single or multiple and may occur anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the:
• Neck
• Scalp
• Extremities (arms and legs)
• Genital area

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of LSC is based on a combination of:

• Clinical presentation and physical examination
• Medical history
• Skin biopsy (in some cases)

Treatment

Treatment for LSC typically involves a multi-faceted approach, including:

• Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching
• Moisturizers to hydrate the skin and reduce dryness
• Oral antihistamines or anti-itch medications to relieve pruritus
• Counseling to address underlying psychological factors that may be contributing to scratching behavior
• Avoidance of triggers that exacerbate the condition, such as soaps, detergents, and other irritants

Prognosis

The prognosis for LSC is generally good, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in symptoms with treatment. However, the condition can be chronic and may require ongoing management to prevent recurrence.