Lice - A Common Parasitic Infestation

Lice are tiny, wingless insects that live on human hair and feed on blood, skin debris, and other substances. There are three types of lice that infest humans: head lice, body lice, and pubic lice.

Types of Lice

• Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis): These lice live on the human scalp and are the most common type of lice infestation. They are usually found in children and are highly contagious.
• Body Lice (Pediculus humanus corporis): These lice live on the body, particularly in areas with hair, such as the armpits, groin, and beard. They are often associated with poor hygiene and are more common in adults.
• Pubic Lice (Phthirus pubis): Also known as crabs, these lice live in the pubic area and are usually spread through sexual contact.

Causes and Risk Factors

Lice infestations are caused by direct contact with an infected person or by sharing personal items such as combs, brushes, or towels. Risk factors for lice infestations include:

• Close proximity to an infected person
• Sharing personal items
• Poor hygiene
• Crowded living conditions
• Traveling to areas with high rates of lice infestations

Symptoms

The symptoms of a lice infestation may include:

• Intense itching, especially at night
• Redness and inflammation of the skin
• Small, moving dots (lice) or eggs (nits) on the hair or body
• Irritability and restlessness

Diagnosis

A lice infestation is usually diagnosed by visual examination of the hair or body. A healthcare professional may use a fine-tooth comb or a magnifying glass to detect lice or nits.

Treatment

Treatment for lice infestations typically involves:

• Medicated shampoos or creams that kill lice and nits
• Combing out lice and nits with a fine-tooth comb
• Washing and drying clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water and high heat
• Vacuuming carpets and furniture to remove lice and nits

Prevention

To prevent lice infestations, it is recommended to:

• Avoid sharing personal items such as combs, brushes, or towels
• Avoid close contact with an infected person
• Wash and dry clothing, bedding, and towels regularly
• Vacuum carpets and furniture regularly
• Use a lice-killing spray on furniture and carpets