Latex Allergy

A latex allergy is a type of allergic reaction that occurs when the body's immune system reacts to one or more proteins present in natural rubber latex. This can cause a range of symptoms, from mild skin irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Causes and Risk Factors

Natural rubber latex is derived from the sap of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and contains several proteins that can trigger an allergic reaction. The most common causes of latex allergy include:

• Repeated exposure to latex, such as in healthcare workers or individuals who undergo frequent medical procedures
• Genetic predisposition, with some people being more likely to develop a latex allergy due to their genetic makeup
• Other allergies, such as food allergies or allergies to certain medications, which can increase the risk of developing a latex allergy

Symptoms

The symptoms of a latex allergy can vary in severity and may include:

• Mild skin irritation, such as redness, itching, or hives
• Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes)
• Rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal passages)
• Asthma-like symptoms, such as wheezing or shortness of breath
• Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention

Diagnosis

A latex allergy is typically diagnosed through a combination of:

• Medical history, including a review of symptoms and exposure to latex
• Physical examination, to look for signs of skin irritation or other allergic reactions
• Allergy testing, such as skin prick tests or blood tests, to confirm the presence of latex-specific antibodies

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for a latex allergy typically involves:

• Avoiding exposure to latex products, such as gloves, balloons, or medical equipment
• Using alternative materials, such as nitrile or vinyl, in place of latex
• Administering medications, such as antihistamines or corticosteroids, to relieve symptoms
• Providing emergency treatment, such as epinephrine injections, in cases of anaphylaxis

Prevention measures include:

• Wearing protective clothing, such as gloves and masks, when handling latex products
• Using latex-free products whenever possible
• Informing healthcare providers of a known latex allergy before undergoing medical procedures