Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair (TEP)

Introduction

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, also known as Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) repair, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to repair inguinal hernias. This technique involves making small incisions in the abdomen and using a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube with a camera) to visualize the hernia and surrounding tissues.

Indications

Laparoscopic TEP repair is indicated for:

• Uncomplicated inguinal hernias in adults
• Bilateral inguinal hernias (hernias on both sides of the groin)
• Recurrent inguinal hernias (hernias that have come back after previous repair)
• Hernias in patients with a history of previous lower abdominal surgery

Contraindications

Laparoscopic TEP repair is contraindicated in:

• Patients with severe obesity or ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
• Patients with previous abdominal surgery that may have caused adhesions or scarring
• Patients with certain medical conditions, such as uncontrolled hypertension or heart disease
• Pregnant women

Preoperative Preparation

Before undergoing laparoscopic TEP repair, patients should:

• Undergo a thorough medical evaluation and history taking
• Have any necessary laboratory tests or imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound or CT scan)
• Stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners or anti-inflammatory agents
• Fast for at least 6 hours before the procedure

Surgical Technique

The laparoscopic TEP repair involves:

1. Making three to four small incisions (5-10 mm) in the abdomen, usually above the belly button
2. Inserting a laparoscope and other surgical instruments through these incisions
3. Creating a space outside the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) to access the hernia
4. Identifying and dissecting the hernia sac from surrounding tissues
5. Placing a mesh patch over the hernia defect to reinforce the weakened area
6. Securing the mesh with sutures or tacks
7. Closing the incisions with sutures or staples

Postoperative Care

After laparoscopic TEP repair, patients should:

• Rest for several hours after the procedure
• Avoid heavy lifting, bending, or strenuous activities for several weeks
• Take pain medication as directed by their doctor
• Follow a bland diet and avoid constipation
• Attend follow-up appointments with their doctor to monitor healing and remove sutures or staples

Risks and Complications

Possible risks and complications of laparoscopic TEP repair include:

• Bleeding or hematoma
• Infection
• Adhesions or scarring
• Nerve damage or numbness
• Recurrence of the hernia
• Bowel injury or obstruction

Advantages

Laparoscopic TEP repair offers several advantages, including:

• Less postoperative pain and discomfort
• Faster recovery time
• Smaller incisions and less scarring
• Lower risk of complications compared to open hernia repair
• Ability to return to normal activities sooner

Conclusion

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (TEP) is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for treating uncomplicated inguinal hernias. With its advantages of less postoperative pain, faster recovery, and smaller incisions, it has become a popular choice among patients and surgeons alike.