Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove the gallbladder, which is a small organ located under the liver that stores bile to aid in digestion.

Indications for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

• Gallstones causing pain or infection
• Chronic inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)
• Gallbladder cancer
• Biliary dyskinesia (a condition where the gallbladder does not function properly)

Procedure Overview

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia, and involves the following steps:

1. A small incision (about 1 cm) is made in the navel, and a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera and light on the end) is inserted.
2. Two or three additional small incisions are made in the upper abdomen, and specialized instruments are inserted to dissect the gallbladder from surrounding tissues.
3. The cystic duct and artery, which connect the gallbladder to the bile duct and blood supply, are clipped and cut.
4. The gallbladder is then removed through one of the small incisions.

Benefits of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

• Smaller incisions result in less pain and scarring
• Faster recovery time, with most patients returning to normal activities within a week
• Reduced risk of complications, such as infection and adhesions
• Shorter hospital stay, with many patients able to go home the same day

Risks and Complications

• Bleeding or hemorrhage
• Infection of the surgical site or internal organs
• Damage to surrounding organs, such as the bile duct or intestine
• Adhesions or scar tissue formation
• Residual or recurrent gallstones

Preparation and Aftercare

Prior to the procedure:

• Patients should avoid eating or drinking for at least 6 hours before surgery
• Certain medications, such as blood thinners, may need to be stopped before surgery

After the procedure:

• Pain medication will be prescribed to manage discomfort
• Patients should avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for several weeks
• A follow-up appointment with the surgeon will be scheduled to remove any stitches and check on recovery progress

Contraindications

• Pregnancy, especially in the third trimester
• Previous abdominal surgery or presence of adhesions
• Certain medical conditions, such as severe heart or lung disease
• Obesity, which may make the procedure more difficult

Alternative Treatments

• Open cholecystectomy (a traditional, open surgical procedure)
• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to remove gallstones from the bile duct
• Medical management of gallstone disease with medications and lifestyle changes