Lactase Deficiency

Lactase deficiency, also known as lactose intolerance, is a medical condition characterized by the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. This occurs when the small intestine does not produce enough lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose into easily absorbed sugars.

Causes

Lactase deficiency can be caused by several factors, including:

• Genetics: Some people are born with a low level of lactase production due to their genetic makeup.
• Aging: Lactase production naturally decreases with age in many people.
• Gastrointestinal diseases: Certain conditions, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease, can damage the small intestine and lead to lactase deficiency.
• Infections: Viral or bacterial infections can temporarily reduce lactase production.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lactase deficiency typically occur within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming lactose-containing products. Common symptoms include:

• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal cramps and pain

Diagnosis

Lactase deficiency can be diagnosed through several methods, including:

• Lactose tolerance test: This measures the body's ability to digest lactose.
• Hydrogen breath test: This detects the amount of hydrogen in the breath, which is produced when undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria in the colon.
• Stool acidity test: This measures the pH level of stool, which can indicate lactase deficiency.

Treatment and Management

The primary treatment for lactase deficiency is to reduce or avoid lactose-containing products. Other management strategies include:

• Lactase enzyme supplements: These can be taken with lactose-containing foods to aid digestion.
• Low-lactose or lactose-free dairy products: Many dairy products are now available in low-lactose or lactose-free forms.
• Nutritional counseling: A healthcare professional can help individuals with lactase deficiency develop a balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs.

Complications

If left untreated, lactase deficiency can lead to complications such as:

• Malnutrition: Inadequate nutrition can occur if dairy products are completely avoided without proper replacement.
• Osteoporosis: Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies can increase the risk of osteoporosis.