Knock Knees (Genu Varum)

Knock knees, also known as genu varum, is a medical condition where the knees touch or nearly touch each other when the legs are straightened. This occurs when the legs curve inward, causing the knees to bow outward.

Causes

• Genetic predisposition: Some people may be born with a tendency to develop knock knees due to their genetic makeup.
• Aging: Wear and tear on the joints over time can cause the legs to curve inward, leading to knock knees.
• Obesity: Excess weight can put additional stress on the joints, causing the legs to curve inward.
• Muscle imbalance: Weak or tight muscles in the legs can contribute to the development of knock knees.
• Previous injuries or fractures: Trauma to the leg or knee can cause the bone to heal in a way that leads to knock knees.

Symptoms

• Knees touching or nearly touching each other when the legs are straightened
• Legs curving inward, causing the knees to bow outward
• Pain or discomfort in the knees, hips, or ankles
• Difficulty walking or running due to altered gait
• Increased risk of osteoarthritis and other joint problems

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of knock knees typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional. The doctor may:

• Observe the patient's gait and leg alignment
• Measure the distance between the knees when the legs are straightened
• Check for any signs of pain or discomfort in the knees, hips, or ankles
• Order imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans to rule out other conditions and assess the severity of the knock knees

Treatment

Treatment for knock knees depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Conservative treatments may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles in the legs and improve gait
• Orthotics or shoe inserts to support the feet and ankles
• Pain management with medication or injections
• Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and exercise

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to realign the legs and correct the knock knees. This can involve:

• Osteotomy: cutting and realigning the bone to correct the curvature
• Joint replacement: replacing the damaged joint with an artificial one

Complications

If left untreated, knock knees can lead to several complications, including:

• Osteoarthritis: wear and tear on the joints can cause cartilage to break down, leading to pain and stiffness
• Increased risk of falls: altered gait and balance can increase the risk of falls and injuries
• Muscle strain: uneven distribution of weight and stress on the muscles can lead to strain and injury