Knee Replacement

Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability. It is most commonly performed for osteoarthritis, and also for other knee diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

Types of Knee Replacement

• Total Knee Replacement (TKR): This is the most common type of knee replacement surgery, where the entire knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint.
• Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): This type of surgery involves replacing only one part of the knee joint, usually the medial (inner) or lateral (outer) compartment.
• Kneecap Replacement: This type of surgery involves replacing only the kneecap (patella) with an artificial one.
• Revision Knee Replacement: This type of surgery involves revising a previous knee replacement surgery, usually due to wear and tear or loosening of the artificial joint.

Candidates for Knee Replacement

Knee replacement surgery is usually recommended for individuals who have severe knee pain and disability, and have not responded to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, and injections. The ideal candidate for knee replacement surgery is typically:

• Over 60 years old
• Has severe knee arthritis or other knee diseases
• Has significant knee pain and disability that interferes with daily activities
• Is in good overall health, with no significant medical conditions that may increase the risk of surgery

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for knee replacement typically involves:

• Anesthesia: The patient is given general anesthesia or regional anesthesia to numb the area.
• Incision: The surgeon makes an incision in the knee, usually around 6-10 inches long.
• Removing damaged tissue: The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint.
• Preparing the bone: The surgeon prepares the bone to receive the artificial joint.
• Implanting the artificial joint: The surgeon implants the artificial joint, which is made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials.
• Closing the incision: The surgeon closes the incision with stitches or staples.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, knee replacement surgery carries risks and complications, including:

• Bleeding and hematoma
• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Blood clots
• Loosening of the artificial joint
• Fracture of the surrounding bone

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After knee replacement surgery, patients typically require several weeks to several months of recovery and rehabilitation. This includes:

• Pain management: Managing pain with medications and other treatments.
• Physical therapy: Performing exercises to improve range of motion, strength, and mobility.
• Walking and mobility aids: Using walking aids such as canes or walkers to assist with mobility.
• Follow-up care: Following up with the surgeon for post-operative check-ups and removal of stitches or staples.

Outcomes and Expectations

The outcomes and expectations after knee replacement surgery vary depending on individual factors, but most patients can expect:

• Pain relief: Significant reduction in knee pain and discomfort.
• Improved mobility: Improved range of motion and ability to perform daily activities.
• Increased strength: Increased strength and stability in the knee joint.
• Long-term durability: The artificial joint can last for 15-20 years or more with proper care and maintenance.