Knee Arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that allows doctors to look at the joint space within the knee using a small camera and light, known as an arthroscope. This minimally invasive technique is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Indications

• Torn meniscus (cartilage) repairs
• Ligament injuries or reconstructions
• Removal of loose fragments of bone or cartilage
• Treatment of knee infections
• Diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as synovitis (inflammation of the lining of the joint)

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given anesthesia to numb the area or induce sleep, depending on the case.
2. A small incision (about 1/4 inch) is made in the skin near the knee joint.
3. The arthroscope is inserted through this incision, and a light source and camera are attached to it, allowing the surgeon to see inside the knee on a monitor.
4. Additional small incisions may be made to insert surgical instruments for repairing or removing damaged tissue.
5. Once the procedure is completed, the arthroscope and any other instruments are removed, and the incisions are closed with stitches or tape.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, knee arthroscopy carries certain risks and potential complications, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding or hematoma
• Nerve damage
• Reactions to anesthesia
• Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis)
• Instrument breakage, although this is rare

Recovery

The recovery time for knee arthroscopy can vary depending on the extent of the procedure and the individual's overall health. Generally:

• Pain and swelling are managed with medication and ice.
• Physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and mobility to the knee.
• Most people can return to their normal activities within a few weeks, but full recovery may take several months.

Outcomes

The success of knee arthroscopy depends on the condition being treated. For many patients, it provides significant relief from symptoms and improves knee function. However, outcomes can vary based on factors such as the severity of the initial condition and the patient's adherence to post-operative rehabilitation instructions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is knee arthroscopy?
Knee arthroscopy is a surgical procedure that uses a small camera to visualize and treat problems inside the knee joint.

Why is knee arthroscopy performed?
Knee arthroscopy is typically performed to diagnose and treat conditions such as torn meniscus, ligament injuries, and cartilage damage.

What are the benefits of knee arthroscopy?
Benefits may include reduced recovery time, less pain, and smaller incisions compared to traditional open surgery.

Is knee arthroscopy a major surgery?
Knee arthroscopy is generally considered a minimally invasive surgical procedure, but it is still a surgical operation that requires anesthesia and carries some risks.

What type of anesthesia is used for knee arthroscopy?
Local, regional, or general anesthesia may be used, depending on the individual case and surgeon's preference.

How long does knee arthroscopy take to perform?
The procedure typically takes 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

What is the typical recovery time after knee arthroscopy?
Recovery time can vary, but most people can return to normal activities within a few days to several weeks after surgery.

Are there risks and complications associated with knee arthroscopy?
Yes, potential risks and complications include infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and adverse reactions to anesthesia.

Can knee arthroscopy be performed on an outpatient basis?
Often, knee arthroscopy is performed as an outpatient procedure, but some cases may require a hospital stay.

Will physical therapy be necessary after knee arthroscopy?
Physical therapy or rehabilitation may be recommended to help regain strength and range of motion in the knee.