Ketones in Blood

Ketones are substances produced by the liver when it breaks down fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. The presence of ketones in the blood is known as ketonemia or ketosis.

Causes of Ketones in Blood

• Diabetes: High levels of glucose in the blood can lead to the production of ketones, especially in people with type 1 diabetes or those with type 2 diabetes who are not managing their condition well.
• Fasting or starvation: When the body is not receiving enough carbohydrates from food, it begins to break down fat for energy, producing ketones.
• Low-carb diets: Diets that restrict carbohydrate intake, such as the ketogenic diet, can lead to the production of ketones.
• Pregnancy: Some women may develop ketonemia during pregnancy due to changes in metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

Symptoms Associated with Ketones in Blood

• Fruity odor on the breath (due to acetone, a type of ketone)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Flu-like symptoms

Risks Associated with Ketones in Blood

Elevated levels of ketones in the blood can lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a medical emergency. DKA can cause:

• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Coma
• Death if left untreated

Diagnosis and Treatment

Ketones in the blood can be diagnosed using a blood test or a urine test. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of ketonemia:

• For people with diabetes, treatment may involve adjusting insulin doses or medication.
• For those fasting or starving, treatment may involve refeeding with carbohydrates.
• For individuals on a low-carb diet, treatment may involve adjusting the diet to include more carbohydrates.

Prevention

To prevent ketones in the blood, it is essential to:

• Manage diabetes well through medication, diet, and exercise.
• Eat a balanced diet that includes adequate carbohydrates.
• Avoid fasting or starvation unless under medical supervision.