Keloid Scars

Keloid scars are a type of raised scar that can occur after skin injury, such as cuts, burns, or surgical incisions. They are characterized by an overgrowth of scar tissue, which can be itchy, painful, and unsightly.

Causes and Risk Factors

Keloid scars are caused by an abnormal healing process, in which the body produces too much collagen, a protein that helps to repair damaged skin. This excess collagen can lead to the formation of a raised, thickened scar. Certain factors can increase the risk of developing keloid scars, including:

• Genetic predisposition: Keloid scars tend to run in families
• Darker skin tone: People with darker skin are more prone to keloid scarring
• Younger age: Keloid scars are more common in people under the age of 30
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of keloid scarring
• Trauma: Severe skin injuries, such as burns or cuts, can increase the risk of keloid scarring

Symptoms

Keloid scars can cause a range of symptoms, including:

• Itching and discomfort
• Pain and tenderness
• Redness and inflammation
• Raised, thickened skin
• Unsightly appearance

Treatment Options

Treatment for keloid scars depends on the size, location, and severity of the scar. Common treatment options include:

• Silicone gel or sheeting: Applying silicone gel or sheeting to the affected area can help to flatten and soften the scar tissue
• Corticosteroid injections: Injecting corticosteroids into the scar tissue can help to reduce inflammation and shrink the scar
• Laser therapy: Laser treatment can help to reduce the size and appearance of keloid scars
• Surgery: In some cases, surgical removal of the keloid scar may be necessary. However, this can sometimes lead to the formation of an even larger keloid scar
• Pressure therapy: Applying pressure to the affected area using a pressure garment or bandage can help to flatten and soften the scar tissue

Prevention

While it is not possible to completely prevent keloid scars, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of their formation. These include:

• Proper wound care: Keeping wounds clean and covered can help to promote healthy healing and reduce the risk of keloid scarring
• Avoiding picking at scabs or scratching the affected area
• Using sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent further skin damage
• Avoiding tight clothing that can rub against the skin and cause irritation

Complications

Keloid scars can lead to a range of complications, including:

• Emotional distress: Keloid scars can be unsightly and affect a person's self-esteem and confidence
• Discomfort and pain: Keloid scars can cause itching, discomfort, and pain
• Infection: Keloid scars can become infected, which can lead to further complications
• Scarring: Keloid scars can lead to further scarring, particularly if they are not properly treated