Iron Tests

Iron tests are a group of diagnostic procedures used to measure the levels of iron in the blood and diagnose iron deficiency or overload.

Types of Iron Tests

• Serum Iron Test: Measures the amount of iron in the blood serum.
• Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) Test: Measures the amount of proteins available for binding to iron, which helps to diagnose iron deficiency or overload.
• Transferrin Saturation Test: Calculates the percentage of transferrin that is saturated with iron, helping to diagnose iron overload.
• Ferritin Test: Measures the amount of ferritin in the blood, which reflects the body's stored iron levels.

Purpose of Iron Tests

Iron tests are used to:

• Diagnose iron deficiency anemia
• Monitor iron levels in people with chronic diseases, such as kidney disease or rheumatoid arthritis
• Detect iron overload conditions, such as hemochromatosis
• Monitor the effectiveness of iron supplements or other treatments for iron deficiency or overload

How Iron Tests are Performed

A healthcare provider will typically draw a blood sample from a vein in the arm using a needle and syringe. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Interpretation of Results

The results of iron tests are interpreted as follows:

• Normal Iron Levels: Vary depending on the specific test, but generally:
  • Serum iron: 50-170 mcg/dL
  • TIBC: 240-450 mcg/dL
  • Transferrin saturation: 20-50%
  • Ferritin: 30-400 ng/mL (men), 15-200 ng/mL (women)
• Abnormal Iron Levels: May indicate iron deficiency or overload, and may require further testing or medical evaluation.

Risks and Limitations of Iron Tests

Iron tests are generally safe and pose minimal risks. However:

• Bleeding or bruising at the needle site
• Infection (rare)
• False results due to laboratory error or contamination

Special Considerations

Certain factors can affect iron test results, including:

• Pregnancy
• Menses
• Recent blood transfusions
• Certain medications (e.g., oral contraceptives, antacids)